Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 18 de 18
Filter
1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 27(6): 103701, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528084

ABSTRACT

Abstract Leprosy reactions are an acute inflammatory phenomenon that can arise before diagnosis, during treatment, or after cure of leprosy. These reactions are considered one of the main diseases that cause physical disabilities. Immunosuppressive treatment for these immune responses makes these patients susceptible to coinfections, which can trigger new leprosy reactions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of infection by Bartonella sp. in blood samples from 47 patients who had untreatable episodes of type 2 leprosy reactions for more than six months, comparing them with a control group. Cultures and molecular methods (PCR) were used. Amplicons from species-specific reactions and sequencing showed a higher prevalence of Bartonella henselae infection in patients, 19/47 (40.4 %), compared to control, 9/50 (18.0 %), p= 0.0149. Five patients accepted treatment for coinfection, and all showed improvement in leprosy reactions with treatment for B. henselae infection. We conclude that these bacteria can trigger chronic reactions of type 2 leprosy and should be investigated in these patients. Summary line Patients who have chronic type 2 leprosy reactions are more susceptible to Bartonella henselae infection than controls: 19/47 (40.4 %) compared 9/50 (18.0 %), p= 0.0149.

2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 79(8): 716-723, Aug. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339224

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Peripheral neural surgical decompression (PNSD) is used as a complementary therapy to the clinical treatment of neuritis to preserve neural function. Objective: To evaluate the long-term (≥ 1 year) clinical and functional results for PNSD in leprosy neuritis. Methods: This cross-sectional study included leprosy patients who were in late postoperative period (LPO) of surgical decompression of ulnar, median, tibial, and fibular nerves. Socioeconomic, epidemiological, and clinical data were collected. The following instruments were used in this evaluation: visual analogue pain scale (VAS), Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions (DN4), SALSA scale, and simplified neurological assessment protocol. The preoperative (PrO) and 180-day postoperative (PO180) results were compared. Results: We evaluated 246 nerves from 90 patients: 56.6% were on multidrug therapy (MDT) and 43.3% discharged from MDT. Motor scores and pain intensity showed statistically significant improvement (p<0.01). There was an increase in sensory scores only for bilateral ulnar nerves (p<0.05). Of the operated cases, 26.0% of patients were referred for surgery of ulnar neuritis and 23.6% of tibial neuritis. Neuropathic pain was reported in 41% of cases. Daily dose of prednisone reduced from 39.6 mg (±3.0) in PrO, 16.3 mg (±5.2) in PO180, to 1.7 mg (±0.8) in LPO. The SALSA scale results showed mild activity limitation in 51% and moderate in 34% of patients. Eighty percent of individuals reported that the results reached their expectations. Conclusions: PNSD in leprosy was effective in the long term to decrease the prevalence and intensity of pain, improve motor function, and reduce the dose of corticosteroids, which is reflected in the patients' satisfaction.


RESUMO Antecedentes: A descompressão cirúrgica neural periférica (DCNP) é usada como uma terapia complementar ao tratamento clínico da neurite hansênica para preservar a função neural. Objetivo: Avaliar a longo prazo (≥ 1 ano) os resultados clínicos e funcionais da DCNP na neurite hansênica. Métodos: Este estudo transversal incluiu pacientes que estavam no pós-operatório tardio (POT) de cirurgia de descompressão dos nervos ulnares, medianos, tibiais e fibulares. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos, epidemiológicos e clínicos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: escala visual analógica de dor (EVA), questionário de dor neuropática 4 (DN4), escala SALSA e protocolo de avaliação neurológica simplificada. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os do pré-operatório (PrO) e pós-operatório de 180 dias (PO180). Resultados: Foram avaliados 246 nervos de 90 pacientes: 56,6% estavam em poliquimioterapia (PQT) e 43,3% em alta da PQT. Escores motores e intensidade da dor apresentaram melhora significante (p<0,01). Houve aumento nos escores sensitivos nos nervos ulnares bilaterais (p<0,05). Neurite ulnar foi indicação cirúrgica em 26,0% dos casos operados, seguida pela neurite tibial (23,6%). Dor neuropática foi relatada em 41% dos casos. Dose diária de prednisona reduziu de 39,6 mg (±3,0) na PrO, 16,3 mg (±5,2) na PO180, para 1,7 mg (±0,8) na POT. Escala SALSA mostrou limitação leve da atividade em 51% e moderada em 34% dos pacientes. 80% dos indivíduos relataram que os resultados atingiram suas expectativas. Conclusão: DCNP na hanseníase foi eficaz a longo prazo na redução da prevalência e intensidade da dor, na melhora da função motora e redução da dose de corticosteroides, refletindo na satisfação do paciente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Leprostatic Agents/therapeutic use , Leprosy/complications , Leprosy/drug therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Decompression , Drug Therapy, Combination
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 49(6): 741-745, Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829660

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The occurrence of leprosy reactions, a common event during treatment, may be mostly related to the action of multidrug therapy on Mycobacterium leprae. The clinical and laboratory monitoring of patients with reactions is important, since collecting data that assists in predicting the risk of reactions may help to prevent disability. METHODS: This was a sectional study, in order to correlate clinical and laboratory diagnosis with the number of reactions during treatment. Spearman's correlation was used to verify the degree of association between the assessed variables. RESULTS: This study was conducted with 211 patients with leprosy reactions during treatment of M. leprae. The borderline tuberculoid group was the most prevalent clinical form (74/211; 35.1%) and the type one reaction showed the highest frequency (136/211; 64.5%). It was observed that 73.5% (155/211) of reactions occurred within 3 months of the initiation of multidrug therapy. The diagnostic values, including the bacterial indices (BIs) of dermal smears (r = 0.21, p < 0.05) and skin biopsies (r = 0.20; p < 0.05), showed a positive correlation with the number of reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This research showed a positive correlation between bacillary load markers and the number of leprosy reactions. This study provided scientific support to future research aiming to elucidate the influence of antigenic load on the number of leprosy reactions during treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Leprostatic Agents/administration & dosage , Leprosy/drug therapy , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Mycobacterium leprae/drug effects , Antigens, Bacterial/blood , Time Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Drug Therapy, Combination , Leprostatic Agents/adverse effects , Leprosy/microbiology , Mycobacterium leprae/immunology
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 48(6): 739-745, Nov.-Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-767834

ABSTRACT

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite multidrug therapy, leprosy remains a public health issue. The intradermal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, Mitsuda test (lepromin skin test), and anti-phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) serology are widely used in leprosy studies and have shown great epidemiological value. METHODS: This longitudinal study evaluated the relative risks and benefits of these three tools by comparing results observed in household contacts (HHCs) of leprosy patients who developed leprosy with those of HHCs who did not in a population of 2,992 individuals monitored during a 10-year period. RESULTS : Seventy-five (2.5%) new leprosy cases were diagnosed, including 28 (0.9%) co-prevalent cases. Therefore, for the risk-benefit assessment, 47 (1.6%) HHCs were considered as truly diagnosed during follow-up. The comparison between healthy and affected contacts demonstrated that not only did BCG vaccination increase protection, but boosters also increased to 95% relative risk (RR) reduction when results for having two or more scars were compared with having no scars [RR, 0.0459; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.006-0.338]. Similarly, Mitsuda reactions >7mm in induration presented 7-fold greater protection against disease development compared to reactions of 0-3mm (RR, 0.1446; 95% CI, 0.0566-0.3696). In contrast, anti-PGL-I ELISA seropositivity indicated a 5-fold RR increase for disease outcome (RR, 5.688; 95% CI, 3.2412-9.9824). The combined effect of no BCG scars, Mitsuda reaction of <7mm, and seropositivity to anti-PGL-I increased the risk for leprosy onset 8-fold (RR, 8.109; 95% CI, 5.1167-12.8511). CONCLUSIONS: The adoption of these combined assays may impose measures for leprosy control strategies.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , BCG Vaccine/immunology , Contact Tracing/statistics & numerical data , Glycolipids/immunology , Leprosy/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Longitudinal Studies , Lepromin/immunology , Leprosy/prevention & control , Leprosy/transmission , Risk Assessment
5.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 17(4): 899-910, 12/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-733215

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Leprosy is an infectious disease whose etiologic agent is Mycobacterium leprae, manifested by dermatological and neurological signs and symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To investigate neural changes and the degree of physical disability in the eyes, hands and feet before and after treatment, as well as sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients affected by leprosy. METHOD: A longitudinal epidemiological study comprising 155 patients with leprosy, from a spontaneous demand, diagnosed between March 2010 and February 2011, and treated with multidrug therapy (MDT) between March 2010 and July 2012 in a program for leprosy eradication in São Luis (MA), Brazil. RESULTS: Before treatment, 46.5% of patients were considered as borderline, 51.6% had some alteration in the eyes and 52.3% in the feet, and the radial nerve (18.7%) was the most affected. There was a statistically significant difference between the changes in the radial nerve at the beginning of and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis points to late diagnosis, as some patients have had abnormal neural and physical disabilities before treatment. .


INTRODUÇÃO: A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa cujo agente etiológico é o Mycobacterium leprae, que se manifesta por sinais e sintomas dermatoneurológicos. OBJETIVO: investigar as complicações neurais e o grau de incapacidades físicas nos olhos, mãos e pés antes e após o tratamento, bem como o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos pacientes acometidos pela hanseníase. MÉTODO: Estudo epidemiológico do tipo longitudinal constituído por 155 pacientes com hanseníase, a partir da demanda espontânea, diagnosticados no período de março de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011 e tratados com poliquimioterapia (PQT) entre março de 2010 a julho de 2012, em um programa de eliminação da hanseníase, no município de São Luís (MA). RESULTADOS: Antes do tratamento, 46,5% dos pacientes apresentaram forma dimorfa, 51,6% possuíam alguma alteração nos olhos e 52,3% nos pés, sendo o nervo radial (18,7%) o mais acometido. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as complicações do nervo radial no inicio e após o tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: Evidenciou-se a presença do diagnóstico tardio, posto que alguns pacientes já apresentavam complicações neurais e incapacidades físicas antes do tratamento. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Central Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Leprosy/complications , Brazil/epidemiology , Central Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology , Disability Evaluation , Leprosy/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors
6.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 47(4): 490-497, Jul-Aug/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-722315

ABSTRACT

Introduction Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors that are associated with neural alterations and physical disabilities in leprosy patients at the time of diagnosis. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 155 leprosy patients who participated in a program that aimed to eliminate leprosy from São Luis, State of Maranhão. Results Patients who were 31-45 years of age, were older than 60 years of age or had a partner were more likely to have a disability. Patients with partners were 1.14 times more likely (p = 0.025) to have disabilities of the hands. The frequency of disabilities in the feet among the patients with different clinical forms of leprosy was statistically significant. Conclusions The identification of risk factors that are associated with neural alterations and physical disabilities in leprosy patients is important for diagnosing the disease because this approach enables physicians to plan and prioritize actions for the treatment and monitoring of patients. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Disability Evaluation , Leprosy/complications , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors
7.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 108(7): 901-908, 1jan. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-696016

ABSTRACT

This cross-sectional retrospective study evaluated 440 leprosy patients; 57% (251/440) had leprosy reactions during and/or after multidrug therapy, 80.5% (202/251) of whom presented with multibacillary leprosy. At diagnosis, positive bacterial index (BI) [odds ratio (OR) = 6.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.1-10.1)] or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (OR = 9.15; 95% CI: 5.4-15.5) in skin smears, anti-phenolic glycolipid-1 (anti-PGL-1) ELISA (OR = 4.77; 95% CI: 2.9-7.9), leucocytosis (OR = 9.97; 95% CI: 3.9-25.7), thrombocytopenia (OR = 5.72; 95% CI: 2.3-14.0) and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (OR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.4-4.0) were potential markers for the development of reactions during treatment. After treatment, positive BI (OR = 8.47; 95% CI: 4.7-15.3) and PCR (OR = 6.46; 95% CI: 3.4-12.3) in skin smears, anti-PGL-1 ELISA (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.3-3.9), anaemia (OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.2-4.5), leucocytosis (OR = 4.14; 95% CI: 1.5-11.6) and thrombocytopenia (OR = 3.70; 95% CI: 1.3-2.2) were risk factors for the occurrence of reactions during the study period. The identification of groups with an increased risk for developing reactions will allow for the timely development of a treatment plan to prevent nerve damage and, therefore, the appearance of the disabling sequelae associated with the stigma of leprosy.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Leprostatic Agents/therapeutic use , Leprosy/drug therapy , Mycobacterium leprae/immunology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Therapy, Combination , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Leprostatic Agents/adverse effects , Leprosy/immunology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
8.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 107(supl.1): 55-59, Dec. 2012. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-659741

ABSTRACT

Leprosy transmission still occurs despite the availability of highly effective treatment. The next step towards successfully eliminating leprosy is interrupting the chain of transmission of the aetiological agent, Mycobacterium leprae. In this investigation, we provide evidence that household contacts (HHCs) of leprosy patients might not only have subclinical infections, but may also be actively involved in bacilli transmission. We studied 444 patients and 1,352 contacts using anti-phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) serology and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to test for M. leprae DNA in nasal swabs. We classified the patients according to the clinical form of their disease and the contacts according to the characteristics of their index case. Overall, 63.3% and 34.2% of patients tested positive by ELISA and PCR, respectively. For HHCs, 13.3% had a positive ELISA test result and 4.7% had a positive PCR test result. The presence of circulating anti-PGL-I among healthy contacts (with or without a positive PCR test result from nasal swabs) was considered to indicate a subclinical infection. DNA detected in nasal swabs also indicates the presence of bacilli at the site of transmission and bacterial entrance. We suggest that the concomitant use of both assays may allow us to detect subclinical infection in HHCs and to identify possible bacilli carriers who may transmit and disseminate disease in endemic regions. Chemoprophylaxis of these contacts is suggested.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antigens, Bacterial/blood , Family Characteristics , Glycolipids/blood , Leprosy/transmission , Mycobacterium leprae , Asymptomatic Infections , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Carrier State , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Leprosy/diagnosis , Leprosy/epidemiology , Mycobacterium leprae/genetics , Mycobacterium leprae/immunology , Nasal Mucosa/microbiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prevalence
9.
Hansen. int ; 37(1): 25-35, 2012. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-ILSLPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, SES-SP | ID: biblio-868994

ABSTRACT

A classificação de incapacidades nos graus 0, 1 e 2 nos pacientes com hanseníase é usada como indicador da qualidade dos métodos preventivos e curativos da doença,entretanto, algumas deficiências e incapacidades não estão contempladas nesse sistema. Esta pesquisa realizou um levantamento de incapacidades decorrentes da hanseníase em um Centro de Referência Nacional do Brasil, por meio de estudo retrospectivo, com análise de prontuários de 318 pacientes atendidos no período de 2003 a 2008 e software específico. Houve predomínio de casos multibacilares (63%), de formas clínicas dimorfas-tuberculóides (41,5%) e do sexo masculino(58,5%). Os nervos mais acometidos foram ulnar (22,3%), tibial (21,7%) e fibular (20,7%). Dos casos analisados, 41,5% apresentavam algum tipo de deficiência, sendo 81,1% multibacilar. Os sítios mais acometidos foram os pés (51,8%), seguidos pelas mãos (29%), olhos (10,9%) e nariz (8,3%). As deficiências mais comuns foram artelhos em martelo (2,8%) e lesões tróficas (2,5%) no pé; garra móvel (3,1%) e lesões tróficas (2,8%) na mão; madarose superciliar (2,8%) e perfuração do septo nasal (1,2%). Na alta houve diminuição do número pacientes com deficiências por sítio, exceto oculares, com aumento de 2,5%.Os resultados enfatizam a necessidade de promover assistência detalhada no atendimento realizado no SUS e de adequar os parâmetros utilizados no estadiamento dos pacientes, que atualmente omite alterações funcionais e estéticas dos sítios orgânicos representativas de obstáculos à integração social. A reprodução desse tipo de estudo fornecerá subsídios para que a gestão do SUS desenvolva estratégias que tratem a hanseníase como doença crônica e incapacitante.


The classification of disabilities in grades 0, 1 and 2 in patients with leprosy is used as an indicator of the quality of preventive and curative methods of the disease, however, some deficiencies and disabilities are not included in this system. This research conducted a survey of disability due to leprosy in a National Reference Center of Brazil, through a retrospective study with analysis of records of 318 patients treated between 2003 to 2008 and specific software. There was a predominance of multibacillary cases (63%), clinical forms of borderline tuberculoid (41.5%) and male (58.5%). The most affected nerves were ulnar (22.3%), tibial (21.7%) and fibular (20.7%). Of these cases, 41.5% had sometype of disability, with 81.1% multibacillary. The most affected sites were the feet (51.8%), followed by hands (29%), eyes (10.9%) and nose (8.3%). The most common deficiencies were clawed toes (2.8%) and trophic lesions (2.5%) in thefoot, mobile claw (3.1%) and trophic lesions (2.8%) in thehand; eyebrow madarosis (2 8%) and nasal septum perforation(1.2%). The number of disabilities decreased atdischarge, except at the eye, which increased 2.5%. The results emphasize the need to promote comprehensive care in the NHS and to adjust the parameters used in the staging of patients, that currently omit functional and aesthetic lesions, which represent organic obstacles to social integration. Reproduction of this type of study will provide data for the NHS management to develop strategies in order to deal with leprosy as a chronicand disabling disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Leprosy/complications , Leprosy/epidemiology , Leprosy/rehabilitation , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Patients , Disabled Persons/rehabilitation , Unified Health System
10.
Arq. int. otorrinolaringol. (Impr.) ; 12(1): 77-81, jan.-mar. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-494006

ABSTRACT

O diagnóstico precoce de hanseníase é importante principalmente para prevenir a inaptidão. O exame otorrinolaringológico auxilia nesse diagnóstico, assim a doença deve ser tratada eficientemente antes que se estabeleça alteração na face tornando...


Early diagnosis of leprosy is important especially to avoid disabilities. Otorrinolaryngologic evaluation helps in this diagnosis, thus the disease can be eficiently treated before facial alterations and sequel occur...


Subject(s)
Nose Deformities, Acquired/diagnosis , Early Diagnosis , Leprosy/diagnosis , Clinical Protocols , Information Services , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/diagnosis
11.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 41(supl.2): 48-55, 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-519336

ABSTRACT

Este estudo avaliou a concordância entre o diagnóstico clínico e o diagnóstico laboratorial da hanseníase, utilizando os resultados de biópsias dos laboratórios A e B e o teste ML-Flow. A concordância diagnóstica clínico-histopatológica foi de 67,6%. Os laboratórios apresentaram um índice de concordância de 73,7% em relação ao índice baciloscópico, e o laboratório B detectou 25,4% a mais de casos positivos. A maior concordância foi obtida para a forma V, e a menor para a forma I. A maior discrepância diagnóstica ocorreu para a forma DD. A concordância clínico-laboratorial foi de 41,3% para o laboratório A e 54% para o B. O teste ML-Flow reclassificou 10,7% dos pacientes. A classificação espectral é importante para o melhor entendimento da doença e para seu tratamento adequado, mas não é utilizada em centros de saúde, que adotam os critérios simplificados da OMS, que poderiam ser complementados pelo teste ML-Flow. Tal simplificação é inaceitável para os Centros de Referência em assistência, ensino e pesquisa em hanseníase, de modo que é recomendada a padronização pela classificação de Ridley-Jopling.


This study examined the correlation between the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of leprosy, using biopsy results from laboratories “A” and “B” and the ML Flow test. Clinical and histopathological diagnoses presented 67.6% agreement. The laboratories showed 73.7% agreement in the bacterial index and laboratory ‘B’ detected 25.4% more positives. The highest agreement was in the LL form and lowest, in the I form. The highest diagnostic discrepancy was for the BB form. Clinical diagnosis agreement was 41.3% for laboratory ‘A’ and 54% for ‘B’. The ML Flow test reclassified 10.7% of the patients. The spectrum of leprosy classification is important for a clearer understanding of the disease and its proper treatment, but is not used in health services, which use the simplified WHO criteria. This could be complemented by ML Flow testing. Such simplification is unacceptable for Leprosy Reference Centers regarding patient attendance, teaching and research, for which the standardization of the Ridley-Jopling classification is recommended.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Antigens, Bacterial , Glycolipids , Leprosy/diagnosis , Mycobacterium leprae/immunology , Skin/pathology , Biopsy , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Leprosy/classification , Leprosy/pathology , Skin/microbiology
12.
Hansen. int ; 31(1): 33-40, 2006. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, HANSEN, HANSENIASE | ID: lil-487080

ABSTRACT

Para eliminar a hanseníase como problema de saúde pública no Brasil até o ano 2005, o Sistema Único de Saúde seguiu a proposta de descentralização das ações de controle da hanseníase. Para tanto, faz-se necessário conhecer a magnitude deste agravo, por meio de indicadores epidemiológicos e operacionais e da estimativa da prevalência oculta, a fim de planejar estratégias de ação e avaliar seus resultados, respeitando as realidades locais e regionais. Para caracterizar a endemia hansênica e estimar a prevalência oculta no município de Uberlândia realizou-se um estudo analítico retrospectivo das 613 fichas de casos notificados no período de janeiro de 1996 a dezembro de 2000, pelo Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação. Os resultados demonstraram uma estimativa de prevalência oculta de 142 casos até o ano 2000, elevando a prevalência oficial de 4,47/10.000 habitantes para uma taxa de prevalência real de 7,39/10.000 habitantes. Os distritos sanitários com maior estimativa de prevalência oculta apresentaram também aumento do coeficiente de detecção em menores de 15 anos e coincidiram com áreas onde predominam os antigos focos da doença. Com a identificação das áreas prioritárias, relacionaram-se os fatores técnico-operacionais como fatores que impediram o controle da hanseníase. Com isso, almeja-se sensibilizar os gestores do SUS no município, para propor uma política de saúde que priorize a qualidade e hierarquização da assistência, através de uma capacidade resolutiva consolidada na competência dos profissionais de saúde e no desenvolvimento de mecanismos de articulação e mobilização da sociedade para eliminação da hanseníase em nível municipal até 2010.


Subject(s)
Leprosy/prevention & control , Leprosy/psychology , Leprosy/rehabilitation , Leprosy/therapy , Leprosy/transmission , Public Health/methods , Public Health/trends
13.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 35(4): 365-375, jul.-aug. 2002.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-331743

ABSTRACT

Leprosy, whose etiologic agent Mycobacterium leprae, is an illness of ample clinical and immunopathological spectrum. Its clinical manifestations are correlated with distinct immunologic forms, varying from a vigorous immune response mediated by cells to M. leprae, with Th1 standard in the tuberculoid polar region, to an absence of specific cellular response to antigens of M. leprae in the lepromatous polar region, with predominance of Th2 response and exacerbation of humoral response. It is probable that different polymorphic genes determine susceptibility to M. leprae. Additional studies are necessary to clarify the complex interactions between cytokines and the role of the phenotypic diversity of cells network that contribute to the host defense. The comprehension of such mechanisms will provide new insights for the identification of agonists and/or antagonists for pro- or anti-inflammatory effects, and also will indicate possible situations for its appropriate use in immunologic and/or immunotherapeutic interventions.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology , Leprosy/immunology , Mycobacterium leprae , Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology , Th1 Cells/immunology , Th1 Cells/metabolism , /immunology , /metabolism , Cytokines , Disease Models, Animal , Leprosy/classification , Leprosy/pathology , Immunity, Cellular , Mycobacterium leprae
14.
Hansen. int ; 25(1): 7-16, jan.-jul. 2000. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-281485

ABSTRACT

A hanseníase seria uma doença comum se näo fosse por seus episódios reacionais de risco de incapacidades mantendo o estigma relacionado à "lepra". Essas reaçöes e a perda potencial da funçäo neural podem ocorrer antes, durante e após o tratamento, feito com poliquimioterapia (PQT). A alta por cura se dá pelo número de doses e regularidades do tratamento, quando o paciente sai do registro ativo e dos coeficientes de prevalência. Objetivando avaliar a magnitude das reaçöes hansênicas pós-alta e as questöes operacionais referentes a qualidade da asssistência, foram revisados prontuários de 149 pacientes que receberam alta de hanseníase de 1994 a 1999, no Centro de Saúde Escola Jaraguá - UFU, realizando a ficha de investigaçäo de Intercorrências Pós-Alta por Cura do Ministério da Saúde. Destes, 34 (23 por cento) apresentaram reaçäo pós-alta, sendo 11,76(por cento) PB e 88,23(por cento) MB. Ocorreu uma média de 3 episódios por paciente dimorfo e 4 por paciente virchowiano


Subject(s)
Homebound Persons/education , Leprosy , Delivery of Health Care , Patient Discharge , Therapeutic Approaches
15.
Ribeirao Preto; s.n; 1999. 155 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, HANSEN, HANSENIASE, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1235521

ABSTRACT

Investigou-se, no presente trabalho, os níveis de TGF-B1 em sobrenadantes de cultura de células aderentes, obtidas de células mononucleares do sangue periférico de voluntários sadios e pacientes com hanseníase, virgens de tratamento. Estas células foram separadas pelo Ficoll-Hypaque após remoçao das plaquetas por lavagem em tampao Versene e centrifugaçao diferencial. Os monócitos foram aderidos em placas de cultura em presença de meio RPMI 1640 suplementado com soro humano AB inativo a 2,5 por cento e cultivados, posteriormente, em meio livre de soro, na presença de LPS ou PGL-1. O TGF-B1 foi mensurado por Elisa nos sobrenadantes colhidos após 48 horas de cultura. Demonstrou-se que as células aderentes dos doentes e dos controles


Subject(s)
Leprosy/immunology , Leprosy/blood , Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta
16.
An. bras. dermatol ; 73(1): 17-23, jan.-fev. 1998. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-226517

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTOS - A porfiria cutânea tardia é uma doença metabólica da via porfirina-heme, resultante da deficiência da enzina uroporfirinogênio descarboxilase, que induz ao acúmulo de porfirinas, principalmente no fígado e na pele, responsáveis por lesöes cutâneas em áreas expostas ao sol. OBJETIVOS - Determinar a espécie animal que melhor corresponda ao modelo experimental da PCT, para o estudo de lesöes cutâneas relacionadas à fotossensibilidade. MÉTODO - Ratos, cobaias e camundongos foram submetidos a uma dieta contendo um dos fatores desencadeantes da PCT, o hexaclorobenzeno (HCB), na concentraçäo de 0,25 porcento. Após o surgimento da PCT, os animais foram expostos à radiaçäo ultravioleta, as porfirinas uninárias dosadas e as manifestaçöes cutâneas de fotossensibilidade anotadas, e, comparadas ao grupo controle. RESULTADOS - Somente os ratos apresentaram aumento da excreçäo de porfirinas urinárias, principalmente de uroporfirinas: 60,81ug/24h, comparados aos controles: 0,9ug/24h, neurotoxicidade e lesöes cutâneas em àreas fotoexpostas. CONCLUSÄO - Considerando-se as três espécies de animais estudadas, os ratos apresentaram quadro semelhante à PCT encontrada no homem. Em relaçäo às cobaias, sugere-se administrar dieta contendo menor concentraçäo de HCB e prolongar o tempo do experimento. Os camundongos näo se adequaram ao modelo experimental


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Guinea Pigs , Rats , Diet Therapy , Disease Models, Animal , Hexachlorobenzene/adverse effects , Photosensitivity Disorders/drug therapy , Photosensitivity Disorders/etiology , Porphyria Cutanea Tarda/etiology , Porphyria Cutanea Tarda/drug therapy , Porphyrins
17.
Uberlândia; s.n; 1995. 83 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-165339

ABSTRACT

Foram realizados estudos imunohistoquímicos para avaliar a presença e a distribuiçäo do polipeptídeo TGF-ß1, citocina com atividade supressora sobre macrófagos, em biópsias de pele de 41 pacientes com diferentes formas clínicas de hanseníase. Neste estudo foi utilizado um anticorpo policlonal anti-TGF-ß1 e o método Avidina-Biotina-peroxidase (complexo-ABC). Os resultados demonstram que as lesöes das formas lepromatosas e boderline-lepromatosa apresentam intensa marcaçäo para o TGF-ß1 nas células do infiltrado dérmico. A marcaçäo das células dos granulomas dos casos boderline-boderline foi de intensidade moderada, enquanto no pólo tuberculóide e boderline-tuberculóide näo houve imunorreaçäo detectável nas células dos granulomas. Considerando que no pólo lepromatoso da hanseníase o M.leprae multiplica-se no citoplasma dos macrófagos e as lesöes säo difusas e constituídas de células com indiferenciaçäo morfológica e inatividade funcional, acreditamos que essas alteraçöes poderiam ser explicadas, pelo menos em parte, pela presença de TGF-ß1 no infiltrado dérmico, contribuindo para a näo formaçäo de lesäo granulomatosa e impedindo a atividade microbicida dos macrófagos. Sua produçäo poderia ser induzida pela própria presença do bacilo e seus constituintes, determinando um mecanismo de evasäo do parasita na forma boderline-lepromatosa e lepromatosa. Da mesma forma, a ausência de TGF-ß1 na hanseníase tuberculóide e boderline-tuberculóide, poderia explicar a exacerbaçäo da resposta imunocelular específica contra o M. leprae, determinando intensa diferenciaçäo das células macrofágicas com formaçäo de granulomas epitelióides das células macrofágicas com formaçäo de granulomas epitelióides bem definidos, capazes de eliminar a grande maioria dos bacilos


Subject(s)
Humans , Skin/pathology , Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology , Leprosy/immunology , Macrophages/immunology , Biopsy , Immunohistochemistry , Sensitivity and Specificity , Leprosy/pathology
18.
Hansen. int ; 16(1/2): 7-15, dez. 1991. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-143815

ABSTRACT

Foram avaliados os motivos de irregularidade dos pacientes no controle de Hanseníase no Centro de Saúde do bairro Tibery, onde já estava implantado o programa descentralizado de atendimento ao portador da doença. De um total de 115 pacientes registrados na unidade, foram detectados através das fichas de aprazamento e banco eletrônico, 45 por cento de faltosos no controle em 1987 (52 pacientes). Foram aplicados questionários em visitas domiciliares a 24 destes (46 por cento), sendo que, 28 pacientes (54 por cento) näo foram localizados devido à mudança de endereço ou recusa em responder o questionário. Analisou-se as formas clínicas apresentadas, a faixa etária, a situaçäo trabalhista, os exames dermato-neurológicos e baciloscópicos no último ano, o uso regular da medicaçäo, o conhecimento sobre a doença e as causas relatadas pelos pacientes de falta ao controle. Säo discutidas as falhas do programa de controle da hanseníase relacionando os fatores psicossociais e técnico-operacionais que interferem na integraçäo do programa como atividade de rotina nos Centros de Saúde


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Patient Dropouts , Health Centers , Quality of Health Care , Brazil , Politics , Leprosy/prevention & control
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL